Alert on Topical Flea Products
Jeffrey R. Jenkins, DVM http://www.drexotic.com
Medical Alert: Problems Reported with New Topical Flea Products
Our hospital has become aware of problems with one of the new topical flea products, Frontline, marketed through veterinarians by Rhone Merieux Inc. To date, we have consulted with veterinarians who have prescribed Frontline resulting in the death of three rabbits; another rabbit has been successfully treated for severe seizures it developed after Frontline was applied.
The active ingredient in Frontline is not supposed to cross into the central nervous system of mammals, and has proven to be safe for dogs and cats. It kills both fleas and ticks, and is difficult to wash off.
However, it is important to note that use of this product on rabbits is an "off label use" and has never been recommended or approved by the manufacturer. (This is the case with most pharmaceuticals used in rabbits.)
Representatives of Rhone Merieux Inc. admit they have received other reports of "adverse reactions" to Frontline when used on rabbits, but would not go so far as to say that they knew if other rabbits had died. They went on to say that they strongly recommend Frontline NOT be used on rabbits or other exotic species.
In addition we have heard an anecdotal report (someone had a friend whose neighbor told them of a rabbit that developed gastrointestinal upset after licking a large volume of Advantage off another rabbit just after it was applied. Before recommending Advantage for our clients' rabbits, our hospital did an in-depth literature search, consulted with the manufacturer (Bayer) and tested the product on many unowned rabbits to make certain that the product was safe. Gastrointestinal upset has been reported in cats who lick a large volume of the product off another animal.
We recommend that multiple pet households separate rabbits or rabbits and cats for 12 hours after Advantage has been applied so the product can disperse on the animal's coat before another animal has the opportunity to groom the treated rabbit.
The reason that these products are sold by prescription only is that there is some risk involved with their use. It is important for the veterinarian prescribing the product to understand those risks-and in this case, those risks specific to rabbits-and be able to explain those risks.
Should you have questions about the use of a prescription product or should you experience a problem during the time your rabbit is taking a prescription medication, it is important for you to contact your veterinarian immediately. 作者: Sarra 时间: 2020-3-6 10:02
还有一个药，瑞士诺华的Program，下面的资料说能用。
New Products Make Flea Prevention, Control Easy
By Jeffrey R. Jenkins, DVM http://www.drexotic.com
Here we are in the depth of flea season and once again we are seeing all too many rabbits presented to the hospital with heavy flea loads. This is especially unfortunate because we have available today a better arsenal of effective flea products than ever before. Therefore I am going to take this opportunity to review my favorites and tell you why and when I think you should use them. Let's look at two situations: You currently don't have fleas, or you do have them. The degree of a flea infestation is not as important as just do you have them or not.
Flea prevention
If you do not currently have fleas there is a very good chance that you will (if you live here in Southern California). Fleas are limited in the distance they will or can travel on their own power; however, they have a fondness for hitching a ride on any passer by. I remember finding a flea on my pant leg one day at the mall. I had not been any where near an animal and had no fleas at home when I found it. Somehow it had found its way to the mall and then found its way to me. Had I not noticed, it would have found its way home to my pets.
The likelihood of finding new fleas on your pet is greater if they live in or frequent the out of doors. It is greatest if you have a pet that leaves the environment that you control. In other words, if your cat, dog or bunny is able to visit the next door neighbor's yard, goes for walks around the block or visits Dog Beach, you are certain to have another flea infestation. If your pet never leaves the living room it is less likely you will bring home fleas; however, living in San Diego's subtropical climate, sooner or later one will find its way into your home.
For you, the product called PROGRAM is perfect. Program is the brand name for a drug named lufenuron, made by the Ciba Animal Health, Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Program is a once a-month oral medication to treat and prevent flea infestation. Program has been available by veterinary prescription in the United States since spring 1995 and in other countries for several years. Program is licensed by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on dogs and cats. Although no formal study using Program in rabbits has been done (nor are any planned by the manufacturer), it has proven to be safe and effective in our in house studies when used on several hundred rabbits over the past three-plus years.
When a female flea eats a blood meal from an animal treated with Program, the lufenuron is deposited into her eggs. Lufenuron prevents these eggs from hatching and the further development of the flea. This is accomplished by the interruption of chitin production. Chitin is the material that makes up the exo-[outer]skeleton of the flea. Mammals (rabbits) do not make chitin or have an exo-skeleton and therefore are not affected by lufenuron.
Program does not affect the adult flea. Preexisting flea populations may continue to develop and emerge after treatment with Program has begun. Studies on dogs and cats have shown that emergence of fleas may continue for 30-60 days and noticeable control from PROGRAM alone may not be observed for several weeks after the treatment is begun. This lag phase is the result of the survival of immature fleas hatched from eggs laid before the Program was administered. Animals with a significant flea infestation will require the concurrent use of insecticidal products (see below).
An injectable form of Program was licensed for use in cats this year. The remarkable difference in the injectable product is that it only needs to be administered once every six months to be effective. Complications at the injection site have made this product unavailable for dogs. We are currently evaluating whether this product will be safe for use in rabbits.
The obvious advantage of using Program is that all is required to prevent, or even cure minor flea infestations, is to give your friend a medication once a month. We recommend the use of Program to all our rabbit-owning clients as flea prevention.
Flea control and eradication
If you currently have a flea problem, steps must be taken to reduce the numbers or fleas on the pet as well as in the environment. Using Program alone will not accomplish this as quickly as I would like. I therefore recommend the use of ADVANTAGE on the pet as well as Flea Busters powder in the indoors environment.
Advantage is the brand name of the topical agent imidacloprid made by Bayer Animal Health and available only by veterinary prescription. It, too, is licensed by the FDA only for use on dogs and cats. As with Program, thousands of doses of Advantage have been used safely on rabbits. Imidacloprid is a new compound that binds to nerve receptor sites and blocks nerve transmissions. It is different and will not cross react with other common insecticides such as organophosphate and carbamates.
Advantage is applied to the skin of the rabbit at the base of the neck. From there it is distributed to the skin and hair coat by body movements. A single treatment kills 98% to 100% of the fleas on the pet within 24 hours and continues to kill fleas for at least 30 days.
In severe infestations treatment of the environment is also recommended. To a great extent, this is for the comfort of the pet owner. We have noticed that once the animal is treated with Advantage, the fleas often turn their attention to the owner.
Indoors we recommend the boric acid product made by Flea Busters. This product is very safe for both rabbit and owner and has proven to be much more effective than sprays or forgers. Outdoors we recommend organophosphate insecticides: Malathion or Diazinon.
As you can see, flea prevention and treatment has become much more simple than in days past. The new long lasting flea products make taking care of this unpleasant chore as easy as remembering when to give the next dose of medicine.
[ 本帖最后由 Sarra 于 2009-9-24 11:05 编辑 ]作者: 彩虹兔 时间: 2020-3-6 10:04
想问下，如果不出门，不接触猫狗的话，还有什么途径会引起寄生虫，吃的草里面会有吗？？作者: Sarra 时间: 2020-3-6 10:11
美国家兔协会网站资料： Fleas and Mites Safe treatments to prevent and kill fleas on rabbits include Advantage (imidocloprid), Program (lufenuron) and Revolution (selamectin). The latter is preferred, as it is also effective against various types of mites that cause symptoms of mange, ear canker, and "dandruff" (which is often caused by fur mites in the genus Cheyletiella). These products are available from your rabbit-savvy veterinarian, who can explain dosage and treatment regimens to you at the time of prescription.(We use .4ml per rabbit of Advantage.)
A flea comb is a non-toxic device that takes more patience, but is both physically and psychologically rewarding. Most rabbits learn to love the attention of being flea combed, and it can be used as a supplement to your main flea-control program. The following products should NOT be used on rabbits: Frontline (fipronil) has been linked to neurological damage and death in rabbits, although this product is apparently safe for dogs and cats. The manufacturer (Merial) has placed a warning on the Frontline label stating that Frontline should never be used on rabbits. Flea powders, even those considered safe for cats and kittens or advertised as "rabbit safe", are not recommended for use on rabbits. Flea shampoos, even those considered safe for cats and kittens or advertised as "rabbit safe", are not recommended for use on rabbits. Bathing of rabbits, in general, is strongly discouraged because the stress of the bath itself can cause serious health problems, and has in some cases been linked to the death of the rabbit. Flea baths or dips are NOT recommended for this reason. For environmental flea control, sprays and "bombs" are not recommended, as they may leave harmful residue that the rabbit can ingest. Safer alternatives include borax and diatomaceous earth, worked into the carpet where fleas leave their eggs.作者: 毛毛球大好き 时间: 2020-3-6 10:14
了不起~
英文~~~作者: monicajing 时间: 2020-3-6 10:18
晕，:funk:
我无知的曾经给嘟嘟喷过福莱恩... 自抽～