养猫路上总有些小状况让你心头一紧? 先别慌! 许多看似“异常”的现象,其实是猫咪的正常生理特征、身体变化。 了解这些,告别过度焦虑! 01,嘴巴里长黑斑许多猫咪的口腔内黏膜、牙龈、嘴唇、鼻头上会出现散布的黑色斑点,这绝大多数是良性的单纯性雀斑样痣(Lintigo Simplex)。 ![]() 但如果皮肤不平整,出现凹凸,要及时检查,排查恶性肿瘤(鳞状细胞癌)。 02,鼻头忽红忽白,忽干忽湿猫咪鼻头的干/湿和颜色,是反映当下生理状态的动态指标,而非疾病的标准。 鼻头干湿和颜色,与环境的温湿度、玩耍活动水平、舔舐频率、情绪(应激/兴奋)等都有关。 ![]() ![]() 正常鼻镜出汗 vs 异常单侧鼻孔流鼻涕 图自:petwiki 03,耳朵里油亮亮的健康猫咪的耳道内会自然分泌浅黄褐色或透明色、无明显异味的油脂状物质。 这是猫咪耳朵的一种天然自我保护机制,能润滑耳道、吸附灰尘、抑制某些微生物过度生长。 ![]() 图自:smalldoorvet 04,多趾和悬趾多趾(Polydactyly) 是一种猫咪常见的常染色体显性遗传特征,由ZRS序列突变造成。 ![]() 图自:360vdm,John Wiley & Sons 这种情况在成年及老年猫,特别是流浪过的猫咪中,比较普遍。单纯的表层牙釉质裂纹,不会损伤牙齿结构,也不需要治疗。 但如果出现牙齿松动、猫咪进食异常,疑似伤及了牙本质、牙髓,就需要补牙,或进一步根管治疗、拔牙。 ![]() 其他4个是猫咪的乳头 乳头长得不对称、不是双数,也是正常的 图自:quora 参考资料: [1] Lettice LA, Hill AE, Devenney PS, Hill RE (2008). "Point mutations in a distant sonic hedgehog cis-regulator generate a variable regulatory output responsible for preaxial polydactyly". Human Molecular Genetics. 17 (7): 978–85. [2]Ellis SLH, Thompson H, Guijaro C, Zulch HE. (2015) The influence of body region, handler familiarity and order of region handled on the domestic cat’s response to being stroked. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 173, 60-67. [3] Buckley L , Nuttall T . Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex(ities): some clinical clarification.[J]. Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery, 2012, 14(7):471-481. [4] Hopke K P , Sargent S J . Novel presentation of eosinophilic granuloma complex in a cat[J]. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 2019, 5(2):205511691989154. [5] Park H J , Park J S , Hayek M G , et al. Dietary fish oil and flaxseed oil suppress inflammation and immunity in cats[J]. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2011, 141(3-4):301-306. [6] Norsworthy G D . The Feline Patient[M]. Wiley John Sons, 2021. [7] Bellows J, Center S, Daristotle L, et al. Evaluating aging in cats: How to determine what is healthy and what is disease.[J]. Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery, 2016, 18(7):551-570. [8] Pittari J , Rodan I , Beekman G , et al. American Association of Feline Practitioners. Senior Care Guidelines[J]. JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 2009, 11(9):763-778. |